ਲਿਖਤ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਟੈਮ ਬਦਲਦਾ ਹੈ, ਪਰ nous ਅਤੇ vous ਨੂੰ ਛੱਡ ਕੇ ਬਾਕੀ ਰੂਪ ਇੱਕੋ ਜਿਹੇ ਸੁਣਦੇ ਹਨ।
| Person | Presentnow, habits | Passé composécompleted past | Imparfaitongoing past | Futur procheabout to | Futur simplewill |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| je | lancesounds the same as another form in this tense | ai lancé | lançaissounds the same as another form in this tense | vais lancer | lanceraisounds the same as another form in this tense |
| tu | lancessounds the same as another form in this tense | as lancésounds the same as another form in this tense | lançaissounds the same as another form in this tense | vas lancersounds the same as another form in this tense | lancerassounds the same as another form in this tense |
| il/elle | lancesounds the same as another form in this tense | a lancésounds the same as another form in this tense | lançaitsounds the same as another form in this tense | va lancersounds the same as another form in this tense | lancerasounds the same as another form in this tense |
| nous | lançons | avons lancé | lancions | allons lancer | lanceronssounds the same as another form in this tense |
| vous | lancez | avez lancé | lanciez | allez lancer | lancerezsounds the same as another form in this tense |
| ils/elles | lancentsounds the same as another form in this tense | ont lancé | lançaientsounds the same as another form in this tense | vont lancer | lancerontsounds the same as another form in this tense |
Now, and habits. lance covers both "I launch, to throw" and "I am launch, to throwing" — French has no separate continuous form.
A completed past action. avoir conjugates and lancé does not — ai lancé.
An ongoing or habitual past. Built on the nous-present stem, so lançons gives you lançais.
About to happen. aller conjugates; lancer never moves — the easier future to produce under pressure.
Will happen. Built on lancer-, which is just the infinitive, so only the endings are new.
Three more forms worth knowing
Not among the five TEF/TCF-scored tenses above, but common past A1–A2.
Passé récentjust happened
| je | viens de lancer |
|---|---|
| tu | viens de lancer |
| il/elle | vient de lancer |
| nous | venons de lancer |
| vous | venez de lancer |
| ils/elles | viennent de lancer |
Impératifcommands — no je/il/ils form
| tu | lance |
|---|---|
| nous | lançons |
| vous | lancez |
Gérondifwhile doing — one invariant form
en lançant
What this table tells you about lancer
The past participle is lancé, and it takes avoir in the passé composé — so it never changes shape, whoever the subject is. No agreement to remember here.
The futur simple is built on lancer-, which is just the infinitive — the endings are the whole story, nothing new to learn for this tense.
In both the present and the imparfait, je, tu, il/elle and ils/elles are one sound: lance, lances, lancent — indistinguishable spoken. Only nous and vous carry an audible ending.
lancer softens its stem before a hard vowel, which is why the imparfait reads lançais but lancions. The change follows the ending, not the stem — nous is always the exception.