je, tu, il ਅਤੇ ils ਦੇ ਰੂਪ ਇੱਕੋ ਜਿਹੇ ਸੁਣਦੇ ਹਨ — -e, -es ਅਤੇ -ent ਸਾਰੇ ਚੁੱਪ ਹਨ। ਸਿਰਫ਼ nous (-ons) ਅਤੇ vous (-ez) ਵੱਖਰੇ ਸੁਣਾਈ ਦਿੰਦੇ ਹਨ।
| Person | Presentnow, habits | Passé composécompleted past | Imparfaitongoing past | Futur procheabout to | Futur simplewill |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| je | empruntesounds the same as another form in this tense | ai emprunté | empruntaissounds the same as another form in this tense | vais emprunter | emprunteraisounds the same as another form in this tense |
| tu | empruntessounds the same as another form in this tense | as empruntésounds the same as another form in this tense | empruntaissounds the same as another form in this tense | vas empruntersounds the same as another form in this tense | emprunterassounds the same as another form in this tense |
| il/elle | empruntesounds the same as another form in this tense | a empruntésounds the same as another form in this tense | empruntaitsounds the same as another form in this tense | va empruntersounds the same as another form in this tense | emprunterasounds the same as another form in this tense |
| nous | empruntons | avons emprunté | empruntions | allons emprunter | emprunteronssounds the same as another form in this tense |
| vous | empruntez | avez emprunté | empruntiez | allez emprunter | emprunterezsounds the same as another form in this tense |
| ils/elles | empruntentsounds the same as another form in this tense | ont emprunté | empruntaientsounds the same as another form in this tense | vont emprunter | emprunterontsounds the same as another form in this tense |
Now, and habits. emprunte covers both "I borrow" and "I am borrowing" — French has no separate continuous form.
A completed past action. avoir conjugates and emprunté does not — ai emprunté.
An ongoing or habitual past. Built on the nous-present stem, so empruntons gives you empruntais.
About to happen. aller conjugates; emprunter never moves — the easier future to produce under pressure.
Will happen. Built on emprunter-, which is just the infinitive, so only the endings are new.
Three more forms worth knowing
Not among the five TEF/TCF-scored tenses above, but common past A1–A2.
Passé récentjust happened
| je | viens d'emprunter |
|---|---|
| tu | viens d'emprunter |
| il/elle | vient d'emprunter |
| nous | venons d'emprunter |
| vous | venez d'emprunter |
| ils/elles | viennent d'emprunter |
Impératifcommands — no je/il/ils form
| tu | emprunte |
|---|---|
| nous | empruntons |
| vous | empruntez |
Gérondifwhile doing — one invariant form
en empruntant
What this table tells you about emprunter
The past participle is emprunté, and it takes avoir in the passé composé — so it never changes shape, whoever the subject is. No agreement to remember here.
The futur simple is built on emprunter-, which is just the infinitive — the endings are the whole story, nothing new to learn for this tense.
In both the present and the imparfait, je, tu, il/elle and ils/elles are one sound: emprunte, empruntes, empruntent — indistinguishable spoken. Only nous and vous carry an audible ending.
The imparfait is built on the nous-present stem, so once you know empruntons you already know empruntais, empruntait and empruntaient. Futur proche keeps emprunter untouched.