French Alphabet & Sounds

A17 min readUpdated July 23, 2026
Advertisement

Getting Started — The French Alphabet

French also has 26 letters, just like English. But the sounds are different. If you learn the correct pronunciation from the start, you’ll have a big advantage when it comes to speaking in TEF/TCF exams later.

Vowels — a, e, i, o, u

French vowels are clear and short:

Letter Sound French Example
a ah la (the)
e uh or eh le (the)
i ee ici (here)
o oh mot (word)
u (round lips, tongue at ‘ee’ position) tu (you)

Note: French u is not like English or Punjabi ‘oo’. Round your lips but position your tongue as if saying ‘ee’.

Tricky Sounds That Challenge Learners

1. Nasal vowels

  • on → like bon (good)
  • an / en → like grand (big)
  • in → like vin (wine)

These sounds come from the nose. English and many other languages have nasal sounds too, so this shouldn’t be too difficult for you.

2. French ‘r’

French r comes from the throat — not from the tongue like in English or Punjabi. Examples: Paris, merci.

3. Silent letters

Many word endings are not pronounced:

  • petit → “puh-tee” (‘t’ is silent)
  • vous → “voo” (‘s’ is silent)

Practice

Say these words aloud: bonjour, merci, oui, non, un, une, tu, vous.

In the next lesson, we’ll learn greetings and polite phrases.

FAQ

How many letters are in the French alphabet?

French has 26 letters, just like English — but many sounds are different, especially nasal vowels and the 'r'.

What is the hardest French sound?

For many learners, French 'r' (from the throat) and nasal vowels (on, an, in) are the most challenging.

Advertisement